Water quality monitoring: a combined approach to investigate gradients of change in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia     

Udy J  Gall M  Longstaff B  Moore K  Roelfsema C  Spooner DR  Albert S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(1-4):224-238

For the managers of a region as large as the Great Barrier Reef, it is a challenge to develop a cost effective monitoring program, with appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to detect changes in water quality. The current study compares water quality data (phytoplankton abundance and water clarity) from remote sensing with field sampling (continuous underway profiles of water quality and fixed site sampling) at different spatial scales in the Great Barrier Reef north of Mackay (20 degrees S). Five transects (20-30 km long) were conducted from clean oceanic water to the turbid waters adjacent to the mainland. The different data sources demonstrated high correlations when compared on a similar spatial scale (18 fixed sites). However, each data source also contributed unique information that could not be obtained by the other techniques. A combination of remote sensing, underway sampling and fixed stations will deliver the best spatial and temporal monitoring of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef.  相似文献   

Impact of copper smelting on lakes in the southern Ural Mountains,Russia, inferred from chironomids     

Stephen?J.?BrooksEmail author  Valery?Udachin  Ben?J.?Williamson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(2):229-241

Karabash (52°2 N, 60°10 E) is a copper smelting town in the southern Ural Mountains of Russia. The town is affected by sulphur dioxide emissions and deposition of metal-rich particulates from the smelter, acid drainage from old mine workings, and leachates from disused waste dumps and tailings dams. The close proximity of houses to these sources of pollution is of concern to human health and has devastated terrestrial vegetation in the environs. The environmental impact of the smelter on lakes in the area has been assessed using chironomids. Short sediment cores were taken from 16 lakes within a 50 km radius of the smelter and the composition of the chironomid fauna from the bottom of each core, representing conditions prior to the commissioning of the smelter in 1910, was compared with the present chironomid fauna in the surface sediments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that changes in the chironomid fauna of most lakes were driven by trophic change, independent of the industrial activity. Lakes and ponds adjacent to the smelter and waste dumps, which directly receive contaminated waters were devoid of macro- and mesofauna and flora, but there is no evidence that other lakes have been severely impacted by smelter emissions. Local geology ensures that the lakes are well-buffered to the effects of acid deposition which will limit the bioavailability of metals in the water column and sediment.  相似文献   

湖北东部雷暴大风雷达回波特征分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

吴翠红  韦惠红  牛奔 《南京气象学院学报》2012,35(1):64-72

通过对2003-2009年湖北省东部26个雷暴大风过程的雷达、地面、高空、NCEP6h再分析场等资料的研究,依据雷达回波形态特征,将造成雷暴大风的雷达回波分为3种类型,即单体型、弓状型和飑线型。统计分析了每种类型雷达回波强度、回波顶高、垂直液态含水量、中层辐合特征、入流急流、中气旋及环境场条件等特征,研究了这3种雷暴大风天气的雷达回波生命史演变规律,并建立了其雷达回波概念模型。分析表明,单体型雷暴大风提前预警难度较大,但对弓状型和飑线型雷暴大风多数可以提前30min左右做出预警。  相似文献   

一次梅雨锋结构及锋区强度对锋面结构影响的数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

陈丽芳  周春雨  郦敏杰  查贲 《高原气象》2009,28(4):924-934

利用中尺度模式MM5对1999年6月下旬发生在长江中下游地区的一次锋上西南低涡发展的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了研究。通过敏感性试验, 探讨了低涡对锋强、 锋生的敏感性, 锋生、 锋消与低涡发展演变的时间空间上的联系等问题\.结果表明, 低涡对中层锋面强度的变化敏感, 中层锋强发生改变会导致整层涡度发生同位相的变化。中层系统对梅雨锋气旋的发展起主要作用, 中层锋面对低涡发展的影响比边界层锋更关键。中层锋面强度改变会激发出中低层的垂直次级环流, 低层的辐合上升运动发生改变, 最终影响到低涡强度的发展。敏感性试验证明, 锋面强度变化对低涡发展造成的影响有超前性, 中层锋面先发生变化, 6 h左右以后低涡强度发生改变。锋区强度和低涡强度发生变化的地理位置基本在同一经度上, 锋强变化的位置在涡强变化位置的北面。  相似文献   

Large-scale galactic turbulence: can self-gravity drive the observed H i velocity dispersions?     

Oscar Agertz  George Lake  Romain Teyssier  Ben Moore  Lucio Mayer  Alessandro B. Romeo 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,392(1):294-308

Observations of turbulent velocity dispersions in the H  i component of galactic discs show a characteristic floor in galaxies with low star formation rates and within individual galaxies the dispersion profiles decline with radius. We carry out several high-resolution adaptive mesh simulations of gaseous discs embedded within dark matter haloes to explore the roles of cooling, star formation, feedback, shearing motions and baryon fraction in driving turbulent motions. In all simulations the disc slowly cools until gravitational and thermal instabilities give rise to a multiphase medium in which a large population of dense self-gravitating cold clouds are embedded within a warm gaseous phase that forms through shock heating. The diffuse gas is highly turbulent and is an outcome of large-scale driving of global non-axisymmetric modes as well as cloud–cloud tidal interactions and merging. At low star formation rates these processes alone can explain the observed H  i velocity dispersion profiles and the characteristic value of  ∼10 km s⁻¹  observed within a wide range of disc galaxies. Supernovae feedback creates a significant hot gaseous phase and is an important driver of turbulence in galaxies with a star formation rate per unit area  ≳10⁻³ M_⊙ yr⁻¹ kpc⁻²  .  相似文献   

Genetic techniques for livestock breeding: Restructuring institutional relationships in agriculture     

David Gibbs  Lewis Holloway  Ben Gilna  Carol Morris 《Geoforum》2009,40(6):1041-1049

This paper explores some of the key institutional transformations in livestock breeding associated with the increasing significance of genetic techniques, situating this within an assessment of an emerging agricultural bioeconomy. Focusing on beef cattle and sheep breeding in the United Kingdom, the paper examines how a move towards the involvement of international and corporate interests in livestock breeding is restructuring the network of institutional interests affecting the knowledge and decision making of individual breeders. The paper suggests that the structural transformation of beef cattle and sheep breeding is complicated by the need for negotiation between breeders’ ‘traditional’ knowledge-practices and the ‘geneticised’ techniques being made available to them. We are thus seeing the emergence of new and complex interactions between the major actors which are reconfiguring power relationships in the UK livestock breeding sector.  相似文献   

东秦岭金堆城大型斑岩钼矿床同位素及元素地球化学研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

郭波  朱赖民  李犇  许江  王建其  弓虎军 《矿床地质》2009,28(3):265-281

文章系统研究了金堆城钼矿床的含矿钾长斑岩、围岩、矿石、矿石中的黄铁矿及矿化围岩的地球化学特征,深入探讨了矿区成矿物质的来源.金堆城含矿斑岩的稀土元素分布和特征地球化学参数显示,金堆城含矿斑岩富集LREE(LaN/YbN=540～1684),轻、重稀土元素分馏较明显,Eu异常不明显或无Eu异常(δEu=070～096).矿石中黄铁矿富集LREE(LaN/YbN=315～2628),具有弱的Eu负异常,无Ce异常(δEu=064～081, δCe=088～103),并与金堆城含矿钾长斑岩和矿石具有一致的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线和特征的地球化学参数,显示金堆城钼矿床的成矿物质来源与钾长斑岩同源.矿床铅、硫、碳和氢-氧同位素地球化学综合研究表明,成矿物质来源于深部,与钾长斑岩同源.围岩在矿化和蚀变过程中元素的迁移计算结果表明,在热液成矿过程中Mo随成矿流体加入到围岩并使围岩发生蚀变和矿化.钼矿床的成矿物质主要来自钾长斑岩,围岩不提供成矿物质.金堆城含矿斑岩和钼矿化的发生处于秦岭造山带在中新生代的挤压-伸展转变期,受板片断离作用和壳幔边界附近发生的基性岩浆底侵作用影响,加厚的华北地块南缘下地壳物质发生熔融形成花岗质岩浆,并沿构造薄弱带上升到浅部侵位,形成金堆城等同熔型斑岩和斑岩型矿床.  相似文献   

Fast lagrangian particle tracking in unstructured ocean model grids     

Vennell  Ross  Scheel  Max  Weppe  Simon  Knight  Ben  Smeaton  Malcolm 《Ocean Dynamics》2021,71(4):423-437

Ocean Dynamics - Lagrangian particle tracking, based on currents derived from hydrodynamic models, is an important tool in quantifying bio-physical transports in the ocean. Particle tracking in the...  相似文献   

贵州上二叠统龙潭组煤系地层地球化学特征及物源分析:来自黔普地1井的证据     

罗香建  卢树藩  杜胜江  陈厚国  符宏斌  何犇  刘国栋 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(1):130-136

为厘清贵州上二叠统龙潭组煤系地层的物源,以黔西南地区黔普地1井为研究对象,采集了上二叠统龙潭组的岩心进行稀土元素分析。结果表明,龙潭组的稀土总量较高(177.03×10^-6～592.58×10^-6),轻、重稀土分馏明显,稀土元素配分模式呈轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损的右倾型;(La/Sm)_N为2.63～4.72,(Gd/Yb)_N值为1.47～2.218,表明轻稀土分馏较重稀土严重;δEu无异常。研究表明,其形成的构造环境与大陆边缘与大陆弧相近,推测黔普地1井二叠系龙潭组物质来源以玄武岩为主。  相似文献   

Satellite-based Estimates of Canopy Photosynthetic Parameters for an Alpine Meadow in Northern     

NIU Ben  HE Yongtao  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  DU Mingyuan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):253-262

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